Why Every Dictator Needs a Boogeyman

Throughout history, authoritarian leaders have relied on a powerful psychological and political tool: the creation of a boogeyman—a perceived enemy or threat that justifies their rule and consolidates their power.

1. The Psychology of Fear

Fear is one of the most effective tools for control. When people are afraid, they seek safety, and dictators position themselves as the only source of protection. The boogeyman—whether it's an ethnic group, foreign power, ideological movement, or internal dissident—serves to keep the population anxious and compliant.

2. The “Us vs. Them” Narrative

Dictators thrive on division. By creating a clear enemy, they foster a sense of unity among the population—but only under their leadership. This binary worldview simplifies complex issues and redirects blame away from the regime’s failures.

Examples:
Hitler used Jews, communists, and others as scapegoats.,
Stalin blamed “enemies of the people” and purged millions.,
Mussolini vilified socialists and foreign powers.,
Modern autocrats often use immigrants, journalists, or foreign NGOs.,

3. Justifying Repression

The boogeyman provides a rationale for censorship, surveillance, and violence. “We must silence dissent to protect the nation.” “We must imprison critics because they’re working with the enemy.” These justifications allow dictators to dismantle democratic institutions under the guise of national security.

4. Perpetual Crisis

Dictators rarely eliminate the boogeyman. Instead, they keep the threat alive—real or imagined. A perpetual crisis ensures that emergency powers remain in place indefinitely. The population is kept in a state of alert, making it harder to question authority.

5. Manufactured Consent

With control over media and messaging, dictators shape public perception. Propaganda amplifies the threat of the boogeyman and glorifies the leader’s role in “saving” the nation. Over time, people internalize these narratives, even if the threat is fabricated.

Conclusion,
The boogeyman is not just a character in a dictator’s story—it’s the cornerstone of their power. By manipulating fear, dividing society, and justifying repression, authoritarian leaders maintain control. Understanding this tactic is essential to resisting it.